1 00:01:29,256 --> 00:01:31,861 Listen to me, please. 2 00:01:32,061 --> 00:01:35,866 You're like me, a homo sapiens, 3 00:01:36,067 --> 00:01:38,370 a wise human. 4 00:01:38,571 --> 00:01:39,772 Life, 5 00:01:39,872 --> 00:01:43,979 a miracle in the universe, appeared around 4 billion years ago. 6 00:01:44,019 --> 00:01:48,987 And we humans only 200,000 years ago. 7 00:01:49,187 --> 00:01:53,995 Yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance so essential to life. 8 00:01:54,035 --> 00:01:58,703 Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours, 9 00:01:58,903 --> 00:02:02,208 and decide what you want to do with it. 10 00:02:20,035 --> 00:02:22,940 These are traces of our origins. 11 00:02:23,140 --> 00:02:27,748 At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire, 12 00:02:27,848 --> 00:02:30,452 a cloud of agglutinated dust particles, 13 00:02:30,653 --> 00:02:34,058 like so many similar clusters in the universe. 14 00:02:34,098 --> 00:02:38,364 Yet this is where the miracle of life occurred. 15 00:03:26,540 --> 00:03:29,044 Today, life, our life, 16 00:03:29,244 --> 00:03:32,149 is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings 17 00:03:32,189 --> 00:03:37,557 that have succeeded one another on Earth over nearly 4 billion years. 18 00:03:41,764 --> 00:03:43,066 And even today, 19 00:03:43,266 --> 00:03:46,171 new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes. 20 00:03:47,173 --> 00:03:50,177 They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth, 21 00:03:50,217 --> 00:03:53,582 molten rock surging from the depths, 22 00:03:53,783 --> 00:03:59,091 solidifying, cracking, blistering or spreading in a thin crust, 23 00:03:59,292 --> 00:04:01,194 before falling dormant for a time. 24 00:04:14,816 --> 00:04:18,621 These wreathes of smoke curling from the bowels of the Earth 25 00:04:18,823 --> 00:04:22,128 bear witness to the Earth's original atmosphere. 26 00:04:22,328 --> 00:04:25,633 An atmosphere devoid of oxygen. 27 00:04:25,833 --> 00:04:28,938 A dense atmosphere, thick with water vapor, 28 00:04:29,038 --> 00:04:31,342 full of carbon dioxide. 29 00:04:32,244 --> 00:04:33,946 A furnace. 30 00:04:44,062 --> 00:04:45,865 The Earth cooled. 31 00:04:46,065 --> 00:04:50,372 The water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours. 32 00:04:50,572 --> 00:04:54,278 At the right distance from the sun, not too far, not too near, 33 00:04:55,279 --> 00:04:59,086 the Earth's perfect balance enabled it to conserve water 34 00:04:59,186 --> 00:05:01,289 in liquid form. 35 00:05:01,489 --> 00:05:03,793 The water cut channels. 36 00:05:03,993 --> 00:05:07,799 They are like the veins of a body, the branches of a tree, 37 00:05:07,999 --> 00:05:12,005 the vessels of the sap that the water gave to the Earth. 38 00:05:23,323 --> 00:05:29,533 The rivers tore minerals from rocks, adding them to the oceans' freshwater. 39 00:05:30,034 --> 00:05:34,040 And the oceans became heavy with salt. 40 00:05:51,567 --> 00:05:53,671 Where do we come from? 41 00:05:53,772 --> 00:05:56,976 Where did life first spark into being? 42 00:05:58,478 --> 00:06:00,181 A miracle of time, 43 00:06:00,281 --> 00:06:04,288 primitive life forms still exist in the globe's hot springs. 44 00:06:04,488 --> 00:06:08,895 They give them their colors. They're called archeobacteria. 45 00:06:17,809 --> 00:06:19,411 They all feed off the Earth's heat. 46 00:06:20,412 --> 00:06:22,617 All except the cyanobacteria, 47 00:06:23,217 --> 00:06:25,722 or blue-green algae. 48 00:06:25,922 --> 00:06:28,425 They alone have the capacity to turn to the sun 49 00:06:28,625 --> 00:06:31,130 to capture its energy. 50 00:06:32,131 --> 00:06:38,141 They are a vital ancestor of all yesterday's and today's plant species. 51 00:06:38,842 --> 00:06:42,448 These tiny bacteria and their billions of descendants 52 00:06:42,488 --> 00:06:46,654 changed the destiny of our planet. 53 00:06:46,854 --> 00:06:50,360 They transformed its atmosphere. 54 00:06:55,167 --> 00:06:59,174 What happened to the carbon that poisoned the atmosphere? 55 00:07:00,175 --> 00:07:03,480 It's still here, imprisoned in the Earth's crust. 56 00:07:06,585 --> 00:07:10,792 Here, there once was a sea, inhabited by micro-organisms. 57 00:07:11,093 --> 00:07:14,798 They grew shells by tapping into the atmosphere's carbon 58 00:07:14,998 --> 00:07:17,503 now dissolved in the ocean. 59 00:07:18,103 --> 00:07:20,708 These strata are the accumulated shells 60 00:07:20,908 --> 00:07:25,214 of those billions and billions of micro-organisms. 61 00:07:30,624 --> 00:07:34,429 Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere 62 00:07:34,629 --> 00:07:37,133 and other life forms could develop. 63 00:07:40,940 --> 00:07:44,345 It is life that altered the atmosphere. 64 00:07:45,947 --> 00:07:48,851 Plant life fed off the sun's energy, 65 00:07:48,952 --> 00:07:53,659 which enabled it to break apart the water molecule and take the oxygen. 66 00:07:54,060 --> 00:07:57,466 And oxygen filled the air. 67 00:07:58,066 --> 00:08:02,273 The Earth's water cycle is a process of constant renewal. 68 00:08:02,974 --> 00:08:05,679 Waterfalls, water vapor, 69 00:08:05,779 --> 00:08:07,782 clouds, rain, 70 00:08:08,182 --> 00:08:10,787 springs, rivers, 71 00:08:10,987 --> 00:08:14,692 seas, oceans, glaciers... 72 00:08:14,792 --> 00:08:16,895 The cycle is never broken. 73 00:08:16,996 --> 00:08:19,600 There's always the same quantity of water on Earth. 74 00:08:20,601 --> 00:08:25,710 All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water. 75 00:08:26,611 --> 00:08:29,716 The astonishing matter that is water. 76 00:08:29,916 --> 00:08:32,019 One of the most unstable of all. 77 00:08:32,219 --> 00:08:34,824 It takes a liquid form as running water, 78 00:08:34,924 --> 00:08:39,331 gaseous as vapor, or solid as ice. 79 00:08:42,235 --> 00:08:46,342 In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter 80 00:08:46,542 --> 00:08:50,849 contain the trace of the forces that water deploys when it freezes. 81 00:08:50,950 --> 00:08:52,652 Lighter than water, the ice floats. 82 00:08:52,692 --> 00:08:55,656 It forms a protective mantle against the cold, 83 00:08:56,658 --> 00:08:59,363 under which life can go on. 84 00:09:35,118 --> 00:09:38,323 The engine of life is linkage. 85 00:09:38,524 --> 00:09:40,527 Everything is linked. 86 00:09:40,627 --> 00:09:43,031 Nothing is self-sufficient. 87 00:09:43,131 --> 00:09:45,334 Water and air are inseparable, 88 00:09:45,434 --> 00:09:49,842 united in life and for our life on Earth. 89 00:09:49,942 --> 00:09:52,446 Sharing is everything. 90 00:10:11,075 --> 00:10:16,283 The green expanse through the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air. 91 00:10:16,584 --> 00:10:18,987 70% of this gas, 92 00:10:19,087 --> 00:10:21,992 without which our lungs cannot function, 93 00:10:22,192 --> 00:10:26,399 comes from the algae that tint the surface of the oceans. 94 00:10:28,002 --> 00:10:30,906 Our Earth relies on a balance, 95 00:10:31,007 --> 00:10:33,710 in which every being has a role to play 96 00:10:33,910 --> 00:10:37,617 and exists only through the existence of another being. 97 00:10:38,017 --> 00:10:43,025 A subtle, fragile harmony that is easily shattered. 98 00:10:50,537 --> 00:10:55,144 Thus, corals are born from the marriage of algae and shells. 99 00:10:55,644 --> 00:10:59,451 Coral reefs cover less than 1% of the ocean floor, 100 00:10:59,551 --> 00:11:05,260 but they provide a habitat for thousands of species of fish, mollusks and algae. 101 00:11:05,460 --> 00:11:09,166 The equilibrium of every ocean depends on them. 102 00:11:20,083 --> 00:11:24,390 The Earth counts time in billions of years. 103 00:11:24,591 --> 00:11:29,298 It took more than 4 billion years for it to make trees. 104 00:11:32,202 --> 00:11:36,209 In the chain of species, trees are a pinnacle, 105 00:11:36,309 --> 00:11:39,414 a perfect, living sculpture. 106 00:11:39,614 --> 00:11:41,517 Trees defy gravity. 107 00:11:41,617 --> 00:11:47,526 They are the only natural element in perpetual movement toward the sky. 108 00:11:47,627 --> 00:11:52,735 They grow unhurriedly toward the sun that nourishes their foliage. 109 00:12:05,354 --> 00:12:09,160 They have inherited from these miniscule cyanobacteria 110 00:12:09,361 --> 00:12:11,965 the power to capture light's energy. 111 00:12:12,005 --> 00:12:15,770 They store it and feed off it, 112 00:12:15,971 --> 00:12:18,575 turning it into wood and leaves, 113 00:12:18,775 --> 00:12:22,782 which then decompose into a mixture of water, mineral, 114 00:12:22,982 --> 00:12:25,886 vegetable and living matter. 115 00:12:29,593 --> 00:12:30,894 And so, 116 00:12:31,095 --> 00:12:32,496 gradually, 117 00:12:32,698 --> 00:12:34,701 soils are formed. 118 00:12:46,419 --> 00:12:50,625 Soils teem with the incessant activity of micro-organisms, 119 00:12:50,725 --> 00:12:55,132 feeding, digging, aerating and transforming. 120 00:12:55,232 --> 00:13:00,541 They make the humus, the fertile layer to which all life on land is linked. 121 00:13:21,974 --> 00:13:24,879 What do we know about life on Earth? 122 00:13:24,979 --> 00:13:28,985 How many species are we aware of? A tenth of them? 123 00:13:29,185 --> 00:13:30,087 A hundredth perhaps? 124 00:13:30,127 --> 00:13:33,993 What do we know about the bonds that link them? 125 00:13:45,211 --> 00:13:47,614 The Earth is a miracle. 126 00:13:47,816 --> 00:13:50,119 Life remains a mystery. 127 00:14:06,144 --> 00:14:10,350 Families of animals form, united by customs and rituals 128 00:14:10,450 --> 00:14:13,656 that are handed down through the generations. 129 00:14:32,886 --> 00:14:35,990 Some adapt to the nature of their pasture 130 00:14:36,090 --> 00:14:38,795 and their pasture adapts to them. 131 00:14:38,895 --> 00:14:40,898 And both gain. 132 00:14:41,098 --> 00:14:45,505 The animal sates its hunger and the tree can blossom again. 133 00:15:26,670 --> 00:15:29,274 In the great adventure of life on Earth, 134 00:15:29,474 --> 00:15:31,578 every species has a role to play, 135 00:15:31,678 --> 00:15:34,683 every species has its place. 136 00:15:35,484 --> 00:15:38,489 None is futile or harmful. 137 00:15:38,589 --> 00:15:41,694 They all balance out. 138 00:15:54,615 --> 00:15:56,517 And that's where you, 139 00:15:56,718 --> 00:15:59,421 homo sapiens, wise human, 140 00:15:59,622 --> 00:16:01,525 enter the story. 141 00:16:03,628 --> 00:16:07,434 You benefit from a fabulous 4-billion-year-old legacy 142 00:16:07,634 --> 00:16:09,537 bequeathed by the Earth. 143 00:16:16,949 --> 00:16:19,654 You are only 200,000 years old, 144 00:16:19,854 --> 00:16:22,959 but you have changed the face of the world. 145 00:16:24,762 --> 00:16:29,468 Despite your vulnerability, you have taken possession of every habitat 146 00:16:29,670 --> 00:16:34,376 and conquered swathes of territory, like no other species before you. 147 00:16:40,286 --> 00:16:43,491 After 180,000 nomadic years, 148 00:16:43,591 --> 00:16:46,094 and thanks to a more clement climate, 149 00:16:46,195 --> 00:16:47,397 humans settled down. 150 00:16:48,399 --> 00:16:51,604 They no longer depended on hunting for survival. 151 00:16:51,804 --> 00:16:55,510 They chose to live in wet environments that abounded in fish, 152 00:16:55,610 --> 00:16:57,613 game and wild plants. 153 00:16:57,813 --> 00:17:01,720 There where land, water and life combine. 154 00:17:31,567 --> 00:17:32,768 Even today, 155 00:17:32,868 --> 00:17:36,975 the majority of humankind lives on the continents' coastlines 156 00:17:37,175 --> 00:17:39,880 or the banks of rivers and lakes. 157 00:17:55,804 --> 00:17:59,009 Across the planet, one person in four 158 00:17:59,209 --> 00:18:03,216 lives as humankind did 6,000 years ago, 159 00:18:03,316 --> 00:18:08,424 their only energy that which nature provides season after season. 160 00:18:08,825 --> 00:18:12,731 It's the way of life of 1.5 billion people, 161 00:18:12,831 --> 00:18:17,638 more than the combined population of all the wealthy nations. 162 00:19:19,435 --> 00:19:23,642 But life expectancy is short and hard labor takes its toll. 163 00:19:23,682 --> 00:19:28,149 The uncertainties of nature weigh on daily life. 164 00:19:28,950 --> 00:19:32,256 Education is a rare privilege. 165 00:19:32,656 --> 00:19:35,961 Children are a family's only asset 166 00:19:36,061 --> 00:19:38,466 as long as every extra pair of hands 167 00:19:38,566 --> 00:19:41,871 is a necessary contribution to its subsistence. 168 00:19:52,687 --> 00:19:53,689 Humanity's genius 169 00:19:53,729 --> 00:19:56,694 is to have always had a sense of its weakness. 170 00:19:59,198 --> 00:20:04,106 The physical strength, with which nature insufficiently endowed humans, 171 00:20:04,306 --> 00:20:08,913 is found in animals that help them to discover new territories. 172 00:20:35,755 --> 00:20:39,561 But how can you conquer the world on an empty stomach? 173 00:20:43,668 --> 00:20:48,576 The invention of agriculture turned our history on end. 174 00:20:48,776 --> 00:20:51,981 It was less than 10,000 years ago. 175 00:20:52,081 --> 00:20:56,087 Agriculture was our first great revolution. 176 00:21:03,799 --> 00:21:06,203 It resulted in the first surpluses 177 00:21:06,303 --> 00:21:09,308 and gave birth to cities and civilizations. 178 00:21:16,419 --> 00:21:20,726 The memory of thousands of years scrabbling for food faded. 179 00:21:20,926 --> 00:21:25,534 Having made grain the yeast of life, we multiplied the number of varieties 180 00:21:25,734 --> 00:21:28,739 and learned to adapt them to our soils and climates. 181 00:21:46,767 --> 00:21:49,070 We are like every species on Earth. 182 00:21:49,271 --> 00:21:52,876 Our principal daily concern is to feed ourselves. 183 00:21:55,180 --> 00:21:57,383 When the soil is less than generous 184 00:21:57,584 --> 00:21:59,687 and water becomes scarce, 185 00:21:59,887 --> 00:22:02,892 we are able to deploy prodigious efforts to extract 186 00:22:03,092 --> 00:22:06,097 from the land enough to live on. 187 00:22:27,931 --> 00:22:32,338 Humans shaped the land with the patience and devotion the Earth demands 188 00:22:32,539 --> 00:22:35,944 in an almost sacrificial ritual performed over and over. 189 00:22:36,946 --> 00:22:43,255 Agriculture is still the world's most widespread occupation. 190 00:22:43,656 --> 00:22:46,660 Half of humankind tills the soil, 191 00:22:47,662 --> 00:22:50,867 over three-quarters of them by hand. 192 00:22:56,977 --> 00:23:02,786 Agriculture is like a tradition handed down from generation to generation 193 00:23:02,886 --> 00:23:05,891 in sweat, graft and toil, 194 00:23:06,091 --> 00:23:09,997 because for humanity it is a prerequisite of survival. 195 00:23:19,212 --> 00:23:23,819 But after relying on muscle-power for so long, humankind found a way 196 00:23:23,919 --> 00:23:27,525 to tap into the energy buried deep in the Earth. 197 00:23:37,441 --> 00:23:41,446 These flames are also from plants. A pocket of sunlight. 198 00:23:41,647 --> 00:23:44,451 Pure energy. The energy of the sun, 199 00:23:44,652 --> 00:23:47,957 captured over millions of years by millions of plants 200 00:23:48,157 --> 00:23:50,561 more than 100 million years ago. 201 00:23:50,761 --> 00:23:53,265 It's coal. It's gas. 202 00:23:53,465 --> 00:23:56,170 And, above all, it's oil. 203 00:24:10,793 --> 00:24:15,701 And this pocket of sunlight freed humans from their toil on the land. 204 00:24:17,203 --> 00:24:19,506 With oil began the era of humans 205 00:24:19,606 --> 00:24:22,812 who break free of the shackles of time. 206 00:24:23,212 --> 00:24:27,419 With oil, some of us acquired unprecedented comforts. 207 00:24:27,519 --> 00:24:30,123 And in 50 years, in a single lifetime, 208 00:24:31,025 --> 00:24:33,528 the Earth has been more radically changed 209 00:24:33,629 --> 00:24:37,435 than by all previous generations of humanity. 210 00:24:43,343 --> 00:24:45,146 Faster and faster. In the last 60 years, 211 00:24:45,186 --> 00:24:49,353 the Earth's population has almost tripled. 212 00:24:49,553 --> 00:24:53,259 And over 2 billion people have moved to the cities. 213 00:24:53,861 --> 00:24:55,663 Faster and faster. 214 00:24:55,864 --> 00:24:57,366 Shenzhen, in China, 215 00:24:57,466 --> 00:25:00,871 with hundreds of skyscrapers and millions of inhabitants, 216 00:25:00,972 --> 00:25:05,579 was just a small fishing village barely 40 years ago. 217 00:25:05,879 --> 00:25:07,482 Faster and faster. 218 00:25:07,682 --> 00:25:10,687 In Shanghai, 3,000 towers and skyscrapers 219 00:25:10,887 --> 00:25:15,093 have been built in 20 years. Hundreds more are under construction. 220 00:25:17,097 --> 00:25:21,103 Today, over half of the world's 7 billion inhabitants 221 00:25:21,303 --> 00:25:22,906 live in cities. 222 00:25:36,227 --> 00:25:37,629 New York. 223 00:25:37,829 --> 00:25:39,832 The world's first megalopolis 224 00:25:39,932 --> 00:25:43,939 is the symbol of the exploitation of the energy the Earth supplies 225 00:25:44,139 --> 00:25:48,646 to human genius. The manpower of millions of immigrants, 226 00:25:48,847 --> 00:25:53,153 the energy of coal, the unbridled power of oil. 227 00:26:05,172 --> 00:26:08,778 America was the first to harness the phenomenal, 228 00:26:08,979 --> 00:26:12,484 revolutionary power of "black gold". 229 00:26:14,687 --> 00:26:19,094 In the fields, machines replaced men. 230 00:26:19,194 --> 00:26:22,099 A liter of oil generates as much energy 231 00:26:22,199 --> 00:26:26,005 as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours. 232 00:26:28,810 --> 00:26:32,315 In the United States, only 3 million farmers are left. 233 00:26:32,916 --> 00:26:36,621 They produce enough grain to feed 2 billion people. 234 00:26:38,524 --> 00:26:41,429 But most of that grain is not used to feed people. 235 00:26:41,629 --> 00:26:44,734 Here, and in all other industrialized nations, 236 00:26:44,934 --> 00:26:49,142 it is transformed into livestock feed or biofuels. 237 00:26:54,450 --> 00:26:58,556 The pocket of sunshine's energy chased away the specter of drought 238 00:26:58,757 --> 00:27:00,258 that stalked farmland. 239 00:27:01,060 --> 00:27:04,165 No spring escapes the demands of agriculture, 240 00:27:04,265 --> 00:27:09,073 which accounts for 70% of humanity's water consumption. 241 00:27:11,076 --> 00:27:14,081 In nature, everything is linked. 242 00:27:14,281 --> 00:27:17,786 The expansion of cultivated land and single-crop farming 243 00:27:17,986 --> 00:27:21,192 encouraged the development of parasites. 244 00:27:21,792 --> 00:27:25,197 Pesticides, another gift of the petrochemical revolution, 245 00:27:25,398 --> 00:27:26,700 exterminated them. 246 00:27:26,900 --> 00:27:30,707 Bad harvests and famine became a distant memory. 247 00:27:30,807 --> 00:27:31,408 The biggest headache now 248 00:27:31,448 --> 00:27:36,716 was what to do with the surpluses engendered by modern agriculture. 249 00:27:37,818 --> 00:27:40,923 But toxic pesticides seeped into the air, 250 00:27:41,123 --> 00:27:44,228 soil, plants, animals, rivers and oceans. 251 00:27:44,829 --> 00:27:46,831 They penetrated the heart of cells 252 00:27:47,032 --> 00:27:51,439 similar to the mother cell shared by all forms of life. 253 00:27:51,839 --> 00:27:55,546 Are they harmful to the humans they released from hunger? 254 00:27:55,646 --> 00:27:59,352 These farmers in their yellow protective suits 255 00:27:59,552 --> 00:28:01,955 probably have a good idea. 256 00:28:10,468 --> 00:28:15,076 Then came fertilizers, another petrochemical discovery. 257 00:28:16,378 --> 00:28:21,686 They produced unprecedented results on plots of land thus far ignored. 258 00:28:27,796 --> 00:28:30,400 Crops adapted to soils and climates 259 00:28:30,601 --> 00:28:35,107 gave way to the most productive varieties and easiest to transport. 260 00:28:35,709 --> 00:28:37,412 And so, in the last century, 261 00:28:37,612 --> 00:28:41,017 three-quarters of the varieties developed by farmers 262 00:28:41,217 --> 00:28:44,723 over thousands of years have been wiped out. 263 00:28:49,130 --> 00:28:53,836 As far as the eye can see, fertilizer below, plastic on top. 264 00:28:53,938 --> 00:28:58,444 The greenhouses of Almeria, Spain, are Europe's vegetable garden. 265 00:28:58,644 --> 00:29:02,851 A city of uniformly sized vegetables waits every day 266 00:29:02,951 --> 00:29:06,757 for hundreds of trucks to take them to the continent's supermarkets. 267 00:29:10,262 --> 00:29:14,970 The more a country develops, the more meat its inhabitants consume. 268 00:29:15,470 --> 00:29:19,778 How can growing worldwide demand be satisfied without recourse 269 00:29:19,878 --> 00:29:22,883 to concentration camp-style cattle farms? 270 00:29:23,083 --> 00:29:24,786 Faster and faster. 271 00:29:24,886 --> 00:29:27,790 Like the life cycle of livestock, which may never see a meadow. 272 00:29:28,591 --> 00:29:33,799 Manufacturing meat faster than the animal has become a daily routine. 273 00:29:33,899 --> 00:29:37,806 In these vast foodlots, trampled by millions of cattle, 274 00:29:37,906 --> 00:29:40,510 not a blade of grass grows. 275 00:29:41,412 --> 00:29:45,819 A fleet of trucks from every corner of the country brings tons of grain, 276 00:29:46,019 --> 00:29:48,623 soy meal and protein-rich granules 277 00:29:48,823 --> 00:29:51,127 that will become tons of meat. 278 00:30:01,343 --> 00:30:04,248 The result is that it takes 100 liters of water 279 00:30:04,448 --> 00:30:07,453 to produce 1 kilogram of potatoes, 280 00:30:07,653 --> 00:30:11,459 4,000 liters for 1 kilo of rice 281 00:30:11,659 --> 00:30:16,467 and 13,000 liters for 1 kilo of beef. 282 00:30:16,667 --> 00:30:21,374 Not to mention the oil guzzled in the production process and transport. 283 00:30:26,582 --> 00:30:29,988 Our agriculture has become oil-powered. 284 00:30:30,088 --> 00:30:32,592 It feeds twice as many humans on Earth, 285 00:30:32,792 --> 00:30:36,398 but has replaced diversity with standardization. 286 00:30:36,999 --> 00:30:40,504 It gives many of us comforts we could only dream of, 287 00:30:40,604 --> 00:30:45,412 but it makes our way of life totally dependent on oil. 288 00:30:45,813 --> 00:30:48,417 This is the new measure of time. 289 00:30:49,118 --> 00:30:54,126 Our world's clock now beats to the rhythm of indefatigable machines 290 00:30:54,326 --> 00:30:57,130 tapping into the pocket of sunlight. 291 00:30:57,531 --> 00:31:01,037 The whole planet is attentive to these metronomes 292 00:31:01,237 --> 00:31:03,941 of our hopes and illusions. 293 00:31:04,542 --> 00:31:08,448 The same hopes and illusions that proliferate along with our needs, 294 00:31:08,548 --> 00:31:12,455 increasingly insatiable desires and profligacy. 295 00:31:12,655 --> 00:31:15,559 We know that the end of cheap oil is imminent, 296 00:31:15,659 --> 00:31:18,063 but we refuse to believe it. 297 00:31:19,766 --> 00:31:20,968 For many of us, 298 00:31:21,068 --> 00:31:25,174 the American dream is embodied by a legendary name. 299 00:31:25,374 --> 00:31:27,377 Los Angeles. 300 00:31:28,379 --> 00:31:31,484 In this city that stretches over 100 kilometers, 301 00:31:31,685 --> 00:31:36,092 the number of cars is almost equal to the number of inhabitants. 302 00:31:38,295 --> 00:31:42,902 Here, energy puts on a fantastic show every night. 303 00:31:54,821 --> 00:31:58,527 The days seem no more than a pale reflection of nights 304 00:31:58,627 --> 00:32:01,632 that turn the city into a starry sky. 305 00:32:10,847 --> 00:32:12,749 Faster and faster. 306 00:32:12,950 --> 00:32:17,056 Distances are no longer counted in miles, but in minutes. 307 00:32:17,256 --> 00:32:21,063 The automobile shapes new suburbs, where every home is a castle, 308 00:32:21,263 --> 00:32:23,866 a safe distance from the asphyxiated city centers, 309 00:32:23,906 --> 00:32:29,174 and where neat rows of houses huddle around dead-end streets. 310 00:32:30,076 --> 00:32:32,279 The model of a lucky-few countries 311 00:32:32,379 --> 00:32:37,589 has become a universal dream preached by TVs all over the world. 312 00:32:37,789 --> 00:32:39,391 Even here in Beijing, 313 00:32:39,591 --> 00:32:43,798 it is cloned, copied and reproduced in these formatted houses 314 00:32:43,998 --> 00:32:47,403 that have wiped pagodas off the map. 315 00:32:54,114 --> 00:32:59,021 The automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress. 316 00:33:00,224 --> 00:33:03,028 If this model were followed by every society, 317 00:33:03,228 --> 00:33:07,836 the planet wouldn't have 900 million vehicles, as it does today, 318 00:33:08,036 --> 00:33:09,939 but 5 billion. 319 00:33:11,241 --> 00:33:13,444 Faster and faster. 320 00:33:13,645 --> 00:33:17,150 The more the world develops, the greater its thirst for energy. 321 00:33:17,350 --> 00:33:20,957 Everywhere, machines dig, bore and rip from the Earth 322 00:33:20,997 --> 00:33:25,163 the pieces of stars buried in its depths since its creation... 323 00:33:26,165 --> 00:33:27,667 Minerals. 324 00:33:52,605 --> 00:33:56,712 As a privilege of power, 80% of this mineral wealth 325 00:33:56,812 --> 00:34:01,019 is consumed by 20% of the world's population. 326 00:34:05,025 --> 00:34:07,028 Before the end of this century, 327 00:34:07,229 --> 00:34:12,236 excessive mining will have exhausted nearly all the planet's reserves. 328 00:34:30,265 --> 00:34:32,268 Faster and faster. 329 00:34:32,468 --> 00:34:37,075 Shipyards churn out oil tankers, container ships and gas tankers 330 00:34:37,276 --> 00:34:41,683 to cater for the demands of globalized industrial production. 331 00:34:41,783 --> 00:34:44,788 Most consumer goods travel thousands of kilometers 332 00:34:44,888 --> 00:34:48,994 from the country of production to the country of consumption. 333 00:34:50,196 --> 00:34:56,106 Since 1950, the volume of international trade has increased 20 times over. 334 00:35:04,118 --> 00:35:07,523 90% of trade goes by sea. 335 00:35:07,723 --> 00:35:13,032 500 million containers are transported every year. 336 00:35:13,233 --> 00:35:16,338 Headed for the world's major hubs of consumption, 337 00:35:16,538 --> 00:35:18,441 such as Dubai. 338 00:35:18,541 --> 00:35:22,046 Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model, 339 00:35:22,246 --> 00:35:25,251 a country where the impossible becomes possible. 340 00:35:25,351 --> 00:35:28,056 Building artificial islands in the sea, for example. 341 00:35:31,661 --> 00:35:34,566 Dubai has few natural resources, 342 00:35:35,367 --> 00:35:39,574 but with oil money it can bring in millions of tons of material 343 00:35:40,075 --> 00:35:42,979 and workers from all over the planet. 344 00:35:43,880 --> 00:35:46,585 Dubai has no farmland, but it can import food. 345 00:35:49,389 --> 00:35:54,296 Dubai has no water, but it can afford to expend immense amounts of energy 346 00:35:54,396 --> 00:35:59,204 to desalinate seawater and build the world's highest skyscrapers. 347 00:35:59,404 --> 00:36:03,912 Dubai has endless sun, but no solar panels. 348 00:36:04,212 --> 00:36:10,422 It is the totem to total modernity that never fails to amaze the world. 349 00:36:21,640 --> 00:36:26,146 Dubai is like the new beacon for all the world's money. 350 00:36:34,259 --> 00:36:37,364 Nothing seems further removed from nature than Dubai, 351 00:36:37,464 --> 00:36:41,471 although nothing depends on nature more than Dubai. 352 00:36:41,571 --> 00:36:45,577 Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model. 353 00:36:45,777 --> 00:36:50,885 We haven't understood that we're depleting what nature provides. 354 00:37:58,692 --> 00:38:03,600 Since 1950, fishing catches have increased fivefold 355 00:38:03,700 --> 00:38:08,107 from 18 to 100 million metric tons a year. 356 00:38:08,508 --> 00:38:13,115 Thousands of factory ships are emptying the oceans. 357 00:38:13,515 --> 00:38:16,320 Three-quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted, 358 00:38:16,520 --> 00:38:20,126 depleted or in danger of being so. 359 00:38:20,426 --> 00:38:23,331 Most large fish have been fished out of existence 360 00:38:23,531 --> 00:38:26,736 since they have no time to reproduce. 361 00:38:39,055 --> 00:38:43,863 We are destroying the cycle of a life that was given to us. 362 00:39:00,489 --> 00:39:06,599 At the current rate, all fish stocks are threatened with exhaustion. 363 00:39:07,800 --> 00:39:12,708 Fish is the staple diet of one in five humans. 364 00:39:29,134 --> 00:39:32,940 We have forgotten that resources are scarce. 365 00:39:33,741 --> 00:39:37,447 500 million humans live in the world's desert lands, 366 00:39:37,647 --> 00:39:40,652 more than the combined population of Europe. 367 00:39:41,754 --> 00:39:42,555 They know the value of water. 368 00:39:43,557 --> 00:39:45,960 They know how to use it sparingly. 369 00:39:46,462 --> 00:39:50,468 Here, they depend on wells replenished by fossil water, 370 00:39:50,668 --> 00:39:55,175 which accumulated underground back when it rained on these deserts. 371 00:39:55,275 --> 00:39:57,979 25,000 years ago. 372 00:40:02,186 --> 00:40:05,791 Fossil water also enables crops to be grown in the desert 373 00:40:05,891 --> 00:40:08,796 to provide food for local populations. 374 00:40:08,996 --> 00:40:11,300 The fields' circular shape derives 375 00:40:11,501 --> 00:40:15,307 from the pipes that irrigate them around a central pivot. 376 00:40:16,609 --> 00:40:17,610 But there is a heavy price to pay. 377 00:40:19,312 --> 00:40:22,618 Fossil water is a non-renewable resource. 378 00:40:34,838 --> 00:40:36,139 In Saudi Arabia, 379 00:40:36,339 --> 00:40:40,246 the dream of industrial farming in the desert has faded. 380 00:40:41,247 --> 00:40:43,150 As if on a parchment map, 381 00:40:43,351 --> 00:40:47,657 the light spots on this patchwork show abandoned plots. 382 00:40:47,857 --> 00:40:50,262 The irrigation equipment is still there. 383 00:40:50,362 --> 00:40:53,065 The energy to pump water also. 384 00:40:53,266 --> 00:40:57,272 But the fossil water reserves are severely depleted. 385 00:41:04,885 --> 00:41:08,290 Israel turned the desert into arable land. 386 00:41:13,298 --> 00:41:17,104 Even though these hothouses are now irrigated drop by drop, 387 00:41:17,304 --> 00:41:21,611 water consumption continues to increase along with exports. 388 00:41:27,019 --> 00:41:30,625 The once mighty River Jordan is now just a trickle. 389 00:41:30,825 --> 00:41:34,130 Its water has flown to supermarkets all over the world 390 00:41:34,330 --> 00:41:36,735 in crates of fruit and vegetables. 391 00:41:52,759 --> 00:41:55,364 The Jordan's fate is not unique. 392 00:41:55,464 --> 00:41:59,269 Across the planet, one major river in ten 393 00:41:59,470 --> 00:42:03,276 no longer flows into the sea for several months of the year. 394 00:42:13,392 --> 00:42:15,695 Deprived of the Jordan's water, 395 00:42:15,896 --> 00:42:20,703 the level of the Dead Sea goes down by over one meter per year. 396 00:42:44,340 --> 00:42:47,145 India risks being the country that suffers most 397 00:42:47,345 --> 00:42:50,050 from lack of water in the coming century. 398 00:42:50,250 --> 00:42:53,455 Massive irrigation has fed the growing population 399 00:42:54,256 --> 00:42:59,564 and in the last 50 years, 21 million wells have been dug. 400 00:42:59,664 --> 00:43:01,667 In many parts of the country, 401 00:43:01,868 --> 00:43:05,474 the drill has to sink every deeper to hit water. 402 00:43:06,174 --> 00:43:11,282 In western India, 30% of wells have been abandoned. 403 00:43:12,084 --> 00:43:15,690 The underground aquifers are drying out. 404 00:43:19,195 --> 00:43:24,103 Vast reservoirs will catch monsoon rains to replenish the aquifers. 405 00:43:26,907 --> 00:43:31,915 In the dry season, local village women dig them with their bare hands. 406 00:43:49,144 --> 00:43:50,145 Thousands of kilometers away, 407 00:43:50,646 --> 00:43:54,051 800 to 1,000 liters of water are consumed 408 00:43:54,151 --> 00:43:56,554 per person per day. 409 00:43:56,755 --> 00:43:59,959 Las Vegas was built out of the desert. 410 00:44:00,059 --> 00:44:02,363 Millions of people live there. 411 00:44:02,564 --> 00:44:05,067 Thousands more arrive every month. 412 00:44:05,268 --> 00:44:09,774 Its inhabitants are among the biggest water consumers in the world. 413 00:44:21,191 --> 00:44:24,897 Palm Springs is another desert city with tropical vegetation 414 00:44:25,097 --> 00:44:27,001 and lush golf courses. 415 00:44:30,205 --> 00:44:33,911 How long can this mirage continue to prosper? 416 00:44:37,916 --> 00:44:40,721 The Earth cannot keep up. 417 00:44:41,622 --> 00:44:44,827 The Colorado River, which brings water to these cities, 418 00:44:45,027 --> 00:44:48,031 is one of those rivers that no longer reaches the sea. 419 00:44:49,634 --> 00:44:54,741 Water levels in the catchment lakes along its course are plummeting. 420 00:45:06,159 --> 00:45:12,068 Water shortages could affect nearly 2 billion people before 2025. 421 00:45:38,708 --> 00:45:43,014 The wetlands represent 6% of the surface of the planet. 422 00:45:43,514 --> 00:45:46,819 Under their calm waters lies a veritable factory, 423 00:45:46,920 --> 00:45:50,926 where plants and micro-organisms patiently filter the water 424 00:45:51,126 --> 00:45:53,529 and digest all the pollution. 425 00:45:54,531 --> 00:45:58,537 These marshes are indispensable environments for the regeneration 426 00:45:58,738 --> 00:46:01,241 and purification of water. 427 00:46:01,441 --> 00:46:05,348 They are sponges that regulate the flow of water. 428 00:46:05,548 --> 00:46:06,549 They absorb it in the wet season 429 00:46:07,551 --> 00:46:10,054 and release it in the dry season. 430 00:46:39,899 --> 00:46:42,203 In our race to conquer more land, 431 00:46:42,303 --> 00:46:45,808 we have reclaimed them as pasture for livestock, 432 00:46:46,108 --> 00:46:49,413 or as land for agriculture or building. 433 00:46:51,216 --> 00:46:55,723 In the last century, half the world's marshes were drained. 434 00:46:56,023 --> 00:47:00,229 We know neither their richness nor their role. 435 00:47:05,938 --> 00:47:08,441 All living matter is linked. 436 00:47:08,641 --> 00:47:13,449 Water, air, soil, trees. 437 00:47:13,549 --> 00:47:18,256 The world's magic is right in front of our eyes. 438 00:47:28,772 --> 00:47:33,278 Trees breathe groundwater into the atmosphere as light mist. 439 00:47:33,379 --> 00:47:37,685 They form a canopy that alleviates the impact of heavy rains. 440 00:47:37,886 --> 00:47:42,092 The forests provide the humidity that is necessary for life. 441 00:47:44,696 --> 00:47:46,198 They store carbon, 442 00:47:46,398 --> 00:47:49,803 containing more than all the Earth's atmosphere. 443 00:47:50,605 --> 00:47:56,413 They are the cornerstone of the climatic balance on which we all depend. 444 00:48:04,926 --> 00:48:07,730 The primary forests provide a habitat 445 00:48:07,930 --> 00:48:11,035 for three-quarters of the planet's biodiversity, 446 00:48:11,436 --> 00:48:15,041 that is to say, of all life on Earth. 447 00:48:24,055 --> 00:48:27,560 These forests provide the remedies that cure us. 448 00:48:27,760 --> 00:48:32,768 The substances secreted by these plants can be recognized by our bodies. 449 00:48:32,968 --> 00:48:35,672 Our cells talk the same language. 450 00:48:35,872 --> 00:48:38,776 We are of the same family. 451 00:48:57,305 --> 00:49:00,408 But in barely 40 years, the world's largest rainforest, 452 00:49:01,210 --> 00:49:05,517 the Amazon, has been reduced by 20%. 453 00:49:17,935 --> 00:49:21,841 The forest gives way to cattle ranches or soybean farms. 454 00:49:22,041 --> 00:49:26,448 95% of these soybeans are used to feed livestock and poultry 455 00:49:26,548 --> 00:49:28,350 in Europe and Asia. 456 00:49:28,551 --> 00:49:31,655 And so, a forest is turned into meat. 457 00:49:43,473 --> 00:49:46,978 Barely 20 years ago, Borneo, the 4th largest island 458 00:49:47,178 --> 00:49:51,185 in the world, was covered by a vast primary forest. 459 00:49:51,285 --> 00:49:53,688 At the current rate of deforestation, 460 00:49:53,788 --> 00:49:57,093 it will have disappeared within 10 years. 461 00:50:03,003 --> 00:50:06,808 Living matter bonds water, air, earth and the sun. 462 00:50:08,310 --> 00:50:11,515 In Borneo, this bond has been broken 463 00:50:11,715 --> 00:50:16,423 in what was one of the Earth's greatest reservoirs of biodiversity. 464 00:50:26,137 --> 00:50:30,043 This catastrophe was provoked by the decision to produce palm oil, 465 00:50:30,143 --> 00:50:34,850 one of the most productive and consumed oils in the world, on Borneo. 466 00:50:35,451 --> 00:50:39,557 Palm oil not only caters to our growing demand for food, 467 00:50:39,657 --> 00:50:45,065 but also cosmetics, detergents and, increasingly, alternative fuels. 468 00:50:45,667 --> 00:50:49,973 The forest's diversity was replaced by a single species, the oil palm. 469 00:50:50,013 --> 00:50:53,478 For local people, it provides employment. 470 00:50:53,678 --> 00:50:56,583 It's an agricultural industry. 471 00:51:00,689 --> 00:51:04,695 Another example of massive deforestation is the eucalyptus. 472 00:51:04,795 --> 00:51:07,699 Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp. 473 00:51:07,800 --> 00:51:11,105 Plantations are growing as demand for paper has increased 474 00:51:11,305 --> 00:51:13,708 fivefold in 50 years. 475 00:51:14,009 --> 00:51:17,514 One forest does not replace another forest. 476 00:51:17,915 --> 00:51:19,917 At the foot of these eucalyptus trees, 477 00:51:20,118 --> 00:51:25,325 nothing grows because their leaves form a toxic bed for most other plants. 478 00:51:28,430 --> 00:51:32,437 They grow quickly, but exhaust water reserves. 479 00:51:34,239 --> 00:51:36,542 Soybeans, palm oil, 480 00:51:36,742 --> 00:51:38,045 eucalyptus trees... 481 00:51:38,085 --> 00:51:43,953 Deforestation destroys the essential to produce the superfluous. 482 00:51:44,154 --> 00:51:45,455 But elsewhere, 483 00:51:45,757 --> 00:51:49,262 deforestation is a last resort to survive. 484 00:51:58,175 --> 00:51:59,977 Over 2 billion people, 485 00:52:00,879 --> 00:52:03,282 almost one third of the world's population, 486 00:52:03,482 --> 00:52:06,287 still depend on charcoal. 487 00:52:06,988 --> 00:52:08,190 In Haiti, 488 00:52:08,390 --> 00:52:10,693 one of the world's poorest countries, 489 00:52:10,794 --> 00:52:14,399 charcoal is one of the population's main consumables. 490 00:52:16,302 --> 00:52:18,805 Once the "pearl of the Caribbean", 491 00:52:18,905 --> 00:52:23,512 Haiti can no longer feed its population without foreign aid. 492 00:52:27,519 --> 00:52:32,025 On the hills of Haiti, only 2% of the forests are left. 493 00:52:33,527 --> 00:52:35,330 Stripped bare, 494 00:52:35,530 --> 00:52:37,333 nothing holds the soils back. 495 00:52:37,934 --> 00:52:41,940 The rainwater washes them down the hillsides as far as the sea. 496 00:52:42,040 --> 00:52:45,946 What's left is increasingly unsuitable for agriculture. 497 00:52:53,457 --> 00:52:57,864 In some parts of Madagascar, the erosion is spectacular. 498 00:52:58,265 --> 00:53:02,872 Whole hillsides bear deep gashes hundreds of meters wide. 499 00:53:03,472 --> 00:53:07,278 Thin and fragile, soil is made by living matter. 500 00:53:07,779 --> 00:53:10,583 With erosion, the fine layer of humus, 501 00:53:10,783 --> 00:53:14,689 which took thousands of years to form, disappears. 502 00:53:41,629 --> 00:53:44,734 Here's one theory of the story of the Rapanui, 503 00:53:44,934 --> 00:53:46,937 the inhabitants of Easter Island, 504 00:53:47,037 --> 00:53:49,742 that could perhaps give us pause for thought. 505 00:53:50,242 --> 00:53:53,347 Living on the most isolated island in the world, 506 00:53:53,447 --> 00:53:57,954 the Rapanui exploited their resources until there was nothing left. 507 00:53:58,454 --> 00:54:01,259 Their civilization did not survive. 508 00:54:01,299 --> 00:54:05,966 On these lands stood the highest palm trees in the world. 509 00:54:06,166 --> 00:54:07,969 They have disappeared. 510 00:54:08,069 --> 00:54:11,074 The Rapanui chopped them all down for lumber. 511 00:54:11,174 --> 00:54:13,477 They then faced widespread soil erosion. 512 00:54:16,582 --> 00:54:21,789 The Rapanui could no longer go fishing. There were no trees to build canoes. 513 00:54:27,397 --> 00:54:32,205 Yet the Rapanui formed one of the most brilliant civilizations in the Pacific. 514 00:54:32,405 --> 00:54:36,311 Innovative farmers, sculptors, exceptional navigators, 515 00:54:36,512 --> 00:54:41,019 they were caught in the vise of overpopulation and dwindling resources. 516 00:54:42,019 --> 00:54:46,526 They experienced social unrest, revolts and famine. 517 00:54:46,627 --> 00:54:50,032 Many did not survive the cataclysm. 518 00:55:09,260 --> 00:55:14,267 The real mystery of Easter Island is not how its strange statues got there, 519 00:55:14,469 --> 00:55:15,770 we know now. 520 00:55:15,970 --> 00:55:19,376 It is why the Rapanui didn't react in time. 521 00:55:27,087 --> 00:55:32,595 It's only one of a number of theories, but it has particular relevance today. 522 00:55:50,522 --> 00:55:55,529 Since 1950, the world's population has almost tripled. 523 00:55:55,629 --> 00:55:57,232 And since 1950, 524 00:55:57,332 --> 00:56:01,038 we have more fundamentally altered our island, the Earth, 525 00:56:01,238 --> 00:56:05,544 than in all of our 200,000-year history. 526 00:56:05,644 --> 00:56:09,451 Nigeria is the biggest oil exporter in Africa, 527 00:56:09,651 --> 00:56:14,357 yet 70% of the population lives under the poverty line. 528 00:56:15,359 --> 00:56:20,467 The wealth is there, but the country's inhabitants don't have access to it. 529 00:56:20,667 --> 00:56:22,971 The same is true all over the globe. 530 00:56:23,171 --> 00:56:27,577 Half the world's poor live in resource-rich countries. 531 00:56:31,884 --> 00:56:36,091 Our mode of development has not fulfilled its promises. 532 00:56:36,191 --> 00:56:42,099 In 50 years, the gap between rich and poor has grown wider than ever. 533 00:56:42,801 --> 00:56:43,802 Today, 534 00:56:43,902 --> 00:56:50,111 half the world's wealth is in the hands of the richest 2% of the population. 535 00:56:56,521 --> 00:56:59,926 Can such disparities be maintained? 536 00:57:00,627 --> 00:57:03,131 They are the cause of population movements 537 00:57:03,331 --> 00:57:06,236 whose scale we have yet to fully realize. 538 00:57:06,736 --> 00:57:11,844 The city of Lagos had a population of 700,000 in 1960. 539 00:57:12,544 --> 00:57:17,151 That will rise to 16 million by 2025. 540 00:57:17,251 --> 00:57:21,458 Lagos is one of the fastest growing megalopolises in the world. 541 00:57:21,658 --> 00:57:25,164 The new arrivals are mostly farmers forced off the land 542 00:57:25,364 --> 00:57:30,171 for economic or demographic reasons, or because of diminishing resources. 543 00:57:30,371 --> 00:57:33,276 This is a radically new type of urban growth, 544 00:57:33,476 --> 00:57:37,782 driven by the urge to survive rather than to prosper. 545 00:57:42,991 --> 00:57:48,799 Every week, over a million people swell the populations of the world's cities. 546 00:57:54,006 --> 00:57:59,816 1 human in 6 now lives in a precarious, unhealthy, overpopulated environment 547 00:58:00,016 --> 00:58:05,824 without access to daily necessities, such as water, sanitation, electricity. 548 00:58:40,676 --> 00:58:42,679 Hunger is spreading once more. 549 00:58:42,879 --> 00:58:46,084 It affects nearly 1 billion people. 550 00:59:18,033 --> 00:59:22,839 All over the planet, the poorest scrabble to survive, while we continue 551 00:59:23,040 --> 00:59:26,745 to dig for resources that we can no longer live without. 552 00:59:26,946 --> 00:59:29,149 We look farther and farther afield 553 00:59:29,249 --> 00:59:31,653 in previously unspoilt territory 554 00:59:31,853 --> 00:59:36,159 and in regions that are increasingly difficult to exploit. 555 00:59:42,769 --> 00:59:44,973 We're not changing our model. 556 00:59:45,974 --> 00:59:48,178 Oil might run out? 557 00:59:48,378 --> 00:59:52,183 We can still extract oil from the tar sands of Canada. 558 00:59:52,383 --> 00:59:57,191 The biggest trucks in the world move thousands of tons of sand. 559 00:59:57,491 --> 01:00:00,896 The process of heating and separating bitumen from the sand 560 01:00:00,996 --> 01:00:04,301 requires millions of cubic meters of water. 561 01:00:04,501 --> 01:00:06,905 Colossal amounts of energy are needed. 562 01:00:07,006 --> 01:00:09,710 The pollution is catastrophic. 563 01:00:09,910 --> 01:00:12,213 The most urgent priority, apparently, 564 01:00:12,413 --> 01:00:15,919 is to pick every pocket of sunlight. 565 01:00:49,068 --> 01:00:51,873 Our oil tankers are getting bigger and bigger. 566 01:00:52,073 --> 01:00:55,278 Our energy requirements are constantly increasing. 567 01:00:55,478 --> 01:00:57,881 We try to power growth like a bottomless oven 568 01:00:57,921 --> 01:01:02,088 that demands more and more fuel. 569 01:01:18,011 --> 01:01:19,714 It's all about carbon. 570 01:01:19,915 --> 01:01:23,920 In a few decades, the carbon that made our atmosphere a furnace 571 01:01:24,121 --> 01:01:29,128 and that nature captured over millions of years, allowing life to develop, 572 01:01:29,228 --> 01:01:31,833 will have largely been pumped back out. 573 01:01:32,033 --> 01:01:35,338 The atmosphere is heating up. 574 01:01:35,538 --> 01:01:40,345 It would have been inconceivable for a boat to be here just a few years ago. 575 01:01:41,046 --> 01:01:45,453 Transport, industry, deforestation, agriculture... 576 01:01:45,853 --> 01:01:49,960 Our activities release gigantic quantities of carbon dioxide. 577 01:01:50,660 --> 01:01:54,166 Without realizing it, molecule by molecule, 578 01:01:54,266 --> 01:01:57,771 we have upset the Earth's climatic balance. 579 01:02:01,276 --> 01:02:04,180 All eyes are on the poles, 580 01:02:05,082 --> 01:02:08,688 where the effects of global warming are most visible. 581 01:02:10,090 --> 01:02:12,393 It's happening fast, very fast. 582 01:02:12,993 --> 01:02:18,001 The north-west passage that connects America, Europe and Asia via the pole, 583 01:02:18,202 --> 01:02:19,603 is opening up. 584 01:02:20,205 --> 01:02:22,708 The arctic ice cap is melting. 585 01:02:25,513 --> 01:02:27,515 Under the effect of global warming, 586 01:02:27,716 --> 01:02:32,723 the ice cap has lost 40% of its thickness in 40 years. 587 01:02:32,923 --> 01:02:37,630 Its surface area in the summer shrinks year by year. 588 01:02:38,532 --> 01:02:42,137 It could disappear in the summer months by 2030. 589 01:02:42,338 --> 01:02:44,942 Some say 2015. 590 01:02:56,760 --> 01:03:00,265 The sunbeams that the ice sheet previously reflected back 591 01:03:00,365 --> 01:03:03,870 now penetrate the dark water, heating it up. 592 01:03:04,070 --> 01:03:07,275 The warming process gathers pace. 593 01:03:15,888 --> 01:03:19,293 This ice contains the records of our planet. 594 01:03:19,493 --> 01:03:22,998 The concentration of carbon dioxide hasn't been so high 595 01:03:23,198 --> 01:03:25,903 for several hundred thousand years. 596 01:03:27,705 --> 01:03:31,110 Humanity has never lived in an atmosphere like this. 597 01:03:43,529 --> 01:03:48,837 Is excessive exploitation of resources threatening the lives of every species? 598 01:03:49,338 --> 01:03:50,840 Climate change 599 01:03:50,940 --> 01:03:52,543 accentuates the threat. 600 01:03:52,743 --> 01:03:56,448 By 2050, a quarter of the Earth's species 601 01:03:56,548 --> 01:03:59,152 could be threatened with extinction. 602 01:03:59,192 --> 01:04:01,556 In these polar regions, 603 01:04:01,757 --> 01:04:05,262 the balance of nature has already been disrupted. 604 01:05:40,604 --> 01:05:41,907 Around the North Pole, 605 01:05:42,107 --> 01:05:47,515 the ice cap has lost 30% of its surface area in 30 years. 606 01:05:48,917 --> 01:05:51,220 But as Greenland rapidly becomes warmer, 607 01:05:51,420 --> 01:05:56,829 the freshwater of a whole continent flows into the salt water of the oceans. 608 01:06:08,546 --> 01:06:13,954 Greenland's ice contains 20% of the freshwater of the whole planet. 609 01:06:14,955 --> 01:06:19,863 If it melts, sea levels will rise by nearly 7 meters. 610 01:06:35,085 --> 01:06:37,990 But there is no industry here. 611 01:06:38,791 --> 01:06:41,695 Greenland's ice sheet suffers from greenhouse gases 612 01:06:41,795 --> 01:06:43,999 emitted elsewhere on Earth. 613 01:06:47,204 --> 01:06:50,509 Our ecosystem doesn't have borders. 614 01:06:50,609 --> 01:06:51,911 Wherever we are, 615 01:06:52,111 --> 01:06:55,516 our actions have repercussions on the whole Earth. 616 01:06:55,617 --> 01:06:59,722 Our planet's atmosphere is an indivisible whole. 617 01:06:59,822 --> 01:07:02,927 It is an asset we share. 618 01:07:05,732 --> 01:07:09,137 In Greenland, lakes are appearing on the landscape. 619 01:07:10,037 --> 01:07:14,544 The ice cap is melting at a speed even the most pessimistic scientists 620 01:07:14,645 --> 01:07:17,849 did not envision 10 years ago. 621 01:07:26,863 --> 01:07:30,569 More and more of these glacier-fed rivers are merging together 622 01:07:30,669 --> 01:07:33,072 and burrowing though the surface. 623 01:07:33,472 --> 01:07:37,379 It was thought the water would freeze in the depths of the ice. 624 01:07:37,579 --> 01:07:40,384 On the contrary, it flows under the ice, 625 01:07:40,584 --> 01:07:45,391 carrying the ice sheet into the sea, where it breaks into icebergs. 626 01:08:31,159 --> 01:08:33,763 As the freshwater of Greenland's ice sheet 627 01:08:33,864 --> 01:08:36,467 seeps into the salt water of the oceans, 628 01:08:36,667 --> 01:08:40,272 low-lying lands around the globe are threatened. 629 01:08:43,577 --> 01:08:45,581 Sea levels are rising. 630 01:08:46,582 --> 01:08:49,086 Water expanding as it gets warmer 631 01:08:49,286 --> 01:08:50,589 caused, in the 20th century alone, 632 01:08:51,589 --> 01:08:53,994 a rise of 20 centimeters. 633 01:08:54,494 --> 01:08:57,599 Everything becomes unstable. 634 01:08:57,799 --> 01:09:02,506 Coral reefs are extremely sensitive to the slightest change 635 01:09:02,706 --> 01:09:05,611 in water temperature. 30% have disappeared. 636 01:09:05,651 --> 01:09:10,719 They are an essential link in the chain of species. 637 01:09:14,824 --> 01:09:19,231 In the atmosphere, major wind streams are changing direction. 638 01:09:20,232 --> 01:09:23,037 Rain cycles are altered. 639 01:09:23,237 --> 01:09:25,641 The geography of climates is modified. 640 01:09:26,642 --> 01:09:29,246 The inhabitants of low-lying islands, 641 01:09:29,346 --> 01:09:32,651 here in the Maldives, for example, are on the front line. 642 01:09:33,352 --> 01:09:35,856 They are increasingly concerned. 643 01:09:35,956 --> 01:09:39,862 Some are already looking for new, more hospitable lands. 644 01:09:45,571 --> 01:09:49,276 If sea levels continue to rise faster and faster, 645 01:09:49,376 --> 01:09:54,083 what will major cities like Tokyo, the world's most populous city, do? 646 01:09:55,385 --> 01:09:59,691 Every year, scientists' predictions become more alarming. 647 01:10:01,694 --> 01:10:06,902 70% of the world's population lives on coastal plains. 648 01:10:07,102 --> 01:10:09,706 11 of the 15 biggest cities 649 01:10:09,907 --> 01:10:13,312 stand on a coastline or river estuary. 650 01:10:14,314 --> 01:10:17,719 As the seas rise, salt will invade the water table, 651 01:10:17,919 --> 01:10:20,723 depriving inhabitants of drinking water. 652 01:10:20,763 --> 01:10:24,328 Migratory phenomena are inevitable. 653 01:10:24,529 --> 01:10:27,934 The only uncertainty concerns their scale. 654 01:10:59,081 --> 01:11:03,286 In Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro is unrecognizable. 655 01:11:03,888 --> 01:11:05,791 80% of its glaciers have disappeared. 656 01:11:06,792 --> 01:11:09,896 In summer, the rivers no longer flow. 657 01:11:10,096 --> 01:11:13,502 Local peoples are affected by the lack of water. 658 01:11:14,203 --> 01:11:18,809 Even on the world's highest peaks, in the heart of the Himalayas, 659 01:11:19,010 --> 01:11:22,315 eternal snows and glaciers are receding. 660 01:11:24,318 --> 01:11:28,224 Yet these glaciers play an essential role in the water cycle. 661 01:11:28,624 --> 01:11:31,629 They trap the water from the monsoons as ice 662 01:11:31,829 --> 01:11:34,934 and release it in the summer when the snows melt. 663 01:11:48,053 --> 01:11:52,259 The Himalayan glaciers are the source of all the great Asian rivers, 664 01:11:52,460 --> 01:11:56,266 the Indus, Ganges, Mekong, Yangtze Kiang... 665 01:11:57,267 --> 01:12:01,373 2 billion people depend on them for drinking water 666 01:12:01,574 --> 01:12:05,379 and to irrigate their crops, as in Bangladesh. 667 01:12:06,581 --> 01:12:09,586 On the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, 668 01:12:09,786 --> 01:12:14,293 Bangladesh is directly affected by phenomena occurring in the Himalayas 669 01:12:14,493 --> 01:12:15,695 and at sea level. 670 01:12:16,196 --> 01:12:20,301 This is one of the most populous and poorest countries in the world. 671 01:12:20,502 --> 01:12:23,306 It is already hit by global warming. 672 01:12:23,606 --> 01:12:28,013 The combined impact of increasingly dramatic floods and hurricanes 673 01:12:28,213 --> 01:12:31,618 could make a third of its land mass disappear. 674 01:12:31,919 --> 01:12:34,923 When populations are subjected to these devastating phenomena, 675 01:12:35,925 --> 01:12:38,529 they eventually move away. 676 01:12:44,238 --> 01:12:46,741 Wealthy countries will not be spared. 677 01:12:46,941 --> 01:12:49,646 Droughts are occurring all over the planet. 678 01:12:49,746 --> 01:12:54,253 In Australia, half of farmland is already affected. 679 01:13:06,170 --> 01:13:10,376 We are in the process of compromising the climatic balance 680 01:13:10,576 --> 01:13:14,883 that has allowed us to develop over 12,000 years. 681 01:13:21,994 --> 01:13:27,101 More and more wildfires encroach on major cities. 682 01:13:28,203 --> 01:13:31,608 In turn, they exacerbate global warming. 683 01:13:31,808 --> 01:13:34,613 As the trees burn, they release carbon dioxide. 684 01:13:36,115 --> 01:13:40,923 The system that controls our climate has been severely disrupted. 685 01:13:41,123 --> 01:13:45,228 The elements on which it relies have been disrupted. 686 01:14:16,375 --> 01:14:21,283 The clock of climate change is ticking in these magnificent landscapes. 687 01:14:21,783 --> 01:14:25,288 Here in Siberia, and elsewhere across the globe, 688 01:14:25,388 --> 01:14:28,994 it is so cold that the ground is constantly frozen. 689 01:14:29,094 --> 01:14:32,900 It's known as permafrost. 690 01:14:33,000 --> 01:14:37,106 Under its surface lies a climatic time-bomb. 691 01:14:37,306 --> 01:14:38,608 Methane, 692 01:14:38,808 --> 01:14:43,416 a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. 693 01:14:58,438 --> 01:15:00,141 If the permafrost melts, 694 01:15:00,341 --> 01:15:03,646 the methane releases would cause the greenhouse effect 695 01:15:03,846 --> 01:15:08,053 to race out of control with consequences no one can predict. 696 01:15:13,460 --> 01:15:18,068 We would literally be in unknown territory. 697 01:15:25,678 --> 01:15:29,685 Humanity has no more than 10 years to reverse the trend 698 01:15:29,885 --> 01:15:32,890 and avoid crossing into this territory... 699 01:15:33,590 --> 01:15:36,595 Life on Earth as we have never known it. 700 01:16:04,236 --> 01:16:08,643 We have created phenomena we cannot control. 701 01:16:08,843 --> 01:16:10,145 Since our origins, 702 01:16:10,345 --> 01:16:14,953 water, air and forms of life are intimately linked. 703 01:16:17,055 --> 01:16:20,661 But recently we have broken those links. 704 01:16:22,163 --> 01:16:23,265 Let's face the facts. 705 01:16:23,305 --> 01:16:26,570 We must believe what we know. 706 01:16:29,475 --> 01:16:33,880 All we have just seen is a reflection of human behavior. 707 01:16:35,383 --> 01:16:38,688 We have shaped the Earth in our image. 708 01:16:39,188 --> 01:16:41,893 We have very little time to change. 709 01:16:42,493 --> 01:16:47,100 How can this century carry the burden of 9 billion human beings 710 01:16:47,200 --> 01:16:49,905 if we refuse to be called to account 711 01:16:50,005 --> 01:16:53,210 for everything we alone have done? 712 01:17:00,620 --> 01:17:06,229 20% of the world's population consumes 80% of its resources 713 01:17:25,958 --> 01:17:29,363 The world spends 12 times more on military expenditures 714 01:17:30,365 --> 01:17:33,070 than on aid to developing countries 715 01:17:45,988 --> 01:17:50,295 5,000 people a day die because of dirty drinking water 716 01:17:50,495 --> 01:17:54,902 1 billion people have no access to safe drinking water 717 01:18:05,818 --> 01:18:10,625 Nearly 1 billion people are going hungry 718 01:18:24,947 --> 01:18:29,954 Over 50% of grain traded around the world 719 01:18:30,155 --> 01:18:34,460 is used for animal feed or biofuels 720 01:18:47,480 --> 01:18:52,488 40% of arable land has suffered long-term damage 721 01:19:05,407 --> 01:19:09,914 Every year, 13 million hectares of forest disappear 722 01:19:21,832 --> 01:19:27,740 1 mammal in 4, 1 bird in 8, 1 amphibian in 3 are threatened with extinction 723 01:19:27,840 --> 01:19:33,249 Species are dying out at a rhythm 1,000 times faster than the natural rate 724 01:19:43,064 --> 01:19:47,470 Three quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted, 725 01:19:47,670 --> 01:19:50,374 depleted or in dangerous decline 726 01:20:00,289 --> 01:20:03,594 The average temperature of the last 15 years 727 01:20:03,795 --> 01:20:06,198 has been the highest ever recorded 728 01:20:20,820 --> 01:20:26,228 The ice cap is 40% thinner than 40 years ago 729 01:20:37,645 --> 01:20:46,559 There may be at least 200 million climate refugees by 2050 730 01:20:54,270 --> 01:20:55,672 The cost of our actions is high. 731 01:20:55,712 --> 01:21:00,079 Others pay the price without having been actively involved. 732 01:21:00,479 --> 01:21:02,482 I have seen refugee camps 733 01:21:02,682 --> 01:21:05,587 as big as cities, sprawling in the desert. 734 01:21:06,187 --> 01:21:08,391 How many men, women and children 735 01:21:08,592 --> 01:21:10,694 will be left by the wayside tomorrow? 736 01:21:11,596 --> 01:21:15,502 Must we always build walls to break the chain of human solidarity, 737 01:21:15,602 --> 01:21:16,904 separate peoples 738 01:21:17,104 --> 01:21:20,809 and protect the happiness of some from others' misery? 739 01:21:20,910 --> 01:21:22,712 It's too late to be a pessimist. 740 01:21:23,414 --> 01:21:27,019 I know that a single human can knock down every wall. 741 01:21:27,219 --> 01:21:29,122 It's too late to be a pessimist. 742 01:21:29,222 --> 01:21:32,727 Worldwide, 4 children out of 5 attend school. 743 01:21:32,927 --> 01:21:36,032 Never has learning been given to so many human beings. 744 01:21:36,132 --> 01:21:39,839 Everyone, from richest to poorest, can make a contribution. 745 01:21:40,039 --> 01:21:42,542 Lesotho, one of the world's poorest countries, 746 01:21:42,642 --> 01:21:47,149 is proportionally the one that invests most in its people's education. 747 01:21:47,349 --> 01:21:52,257 Qatar, one of the richest states, has opened up to the best universities. 748 01:21:52,457 --> 01:21:54,761 Culture, education, research and innovation 749 01:21:54,801 --> 01:21:57,865 are inexhaustible resources. 750 01:21:57,965 --> 01:21:59,768 In the face of misery and suffering, 751 01:21:59,969 --> 01:22:03,173 millions of NGOs prove that solidarity 752 01:22:03,274 --> 01:22:06,779 between peoples is stronger than the selfishness of nations. 753 01:22:06,819 --> 01:22:10,284 In Bangladesh, a man thought the unthinkable 754 01:22:10,484 --> 01:22:13,088 and founded a bank that lends only to the poor. 755 01:22:13,289 --> 01:22:18,396 In 30 years, it has changed the lives of 150 million people. 756 01:22:18,496 --> 01:22:22,302 Antarctica is a continent with immense natural resources 757 01:22:22,502 --> 01:22:24,806 that no country can claim for itself, 758 01:22:25,006 --> 01:22:28,611 a natural reserve devoted to peace and science. 759 01:22:28,811 --> 01:22:31,114 A treaty signed by 49 states 760 01:22:31,215 --> 01:22:34,219 has made it a treasure shared by all humanity. 761 01:22:34,319 --> 01:22:36,322 It's too late to be a pessimist. 762 01:22:36,523 --> 01:22:41,029 Governments have acted to protect nearly 2% of territorial waters. 763 01:22:41,230 --> 01:22:44,836 It's not much but it's 2 times more than 10 years ago. 764 01:22:45,036 --> 01:22:48,641 The first natural parks were created just over a century ago. 765 01:22:48,741 --> 01:22:51,946 They cover over 13% of the continents. 766 01:22:52,146 --> 01:22:54,049 They create spaces where human activity 767 01:22:54,149 --> 01:22:58,756 is in step with the preservation of species, soils and landscapes. 768 01:22:58,956 --> 01:23:02,862 This harmony between humans and nature can become the rule, 769 01:23:03,062 --> 01:23:04,765 no longer the exception. 770 01:23:04,966 --> 01:23:08,771 In the US, New York has realized what nature does for us. 771 01:23:08,971 --> 01:23:12,276 These forests and lakes supply all the city's drinking water. 772 01:23:13,478 --> 01:23:17,484 In South Korea, the forests had been devastated by war. 773 01:23:17,684 --> 01:23:20,289 Thanks to a national reforestation program, 774 01:23:20,489 --> 01:23:23,593 they once more cover 65% of the country. 775 01:23:23,694 --> 01:23:27,099 More than 75% of paper is recycled. 776 01:23:27,399 --> 01:23:31,906 Costa Rica has made a choice between military spending and land conservation. 777 01:23:31,946 --> 01:23:34,409 The country no longer has an army. 778 01:23:34,609 --> 01:23:38,216 It prefers to devote its resources to education, ecotourism 779 01:23:38,416 --> 01:23:40,919 and the protection of its primary forest. 780 01:23:41,119 --> 01:23:44,224 Gabon is one of the world's leading producers of wood. 781 01:23:44,324 --> 01:23:49,131 It enforces selective logging. Not more than 1 tree every hectare. 782 01:23:49,231 --> 01:23:52,837 Its forests are one of the country's most important resources, 783 01:23:53,037 --> 01:23:55,441 but they have time to regenerate. 784 01:23:55,641 --> 01:23:59,347 Programs exist that guarantee sustainable forest management. 785 01:23:59,547 --> 01:24:01,549 They must become mandatory. 786 01:24:02,451 --> 01:24:06,457 For consumers and producers, justice is an opportunity to be seized. 787 01:24:07,359 --> 01:24:10,864 When trade is fair, when both buyer and seller benefit, 788 01:24:11,064 --> 01:24:14,669 everybody can prosper and earn a decent living. 789 01:24:15,471 --> 01:24:17,674 How can there be justice and equity 790 01:24:17,874 --> 01:24:20,979 between people whose only tools are their hands 791 01:24:21,179 --> 01:24:25,286 and those who harvest their crops with a machine and state subsidies? 792 01:24:28,491 --> 01:24:31,294 Let's be responsible consumers. 793 01:24:31,394 --> 01:24:33,698 Think about what we buy! 794 01:24:37,103 --> 01:24:38,004 It's too late to be a pessimist. 795 01:24:39,506 --> 01:24:42,311 I have seen agriculture on a human scale. 796 01:24:42,411 --> 01:24:44,014 It can feed the whole planet 797 01:24:44,054 --> 01:24:48,821 if meat production doesn't take the food out of people's mouths. 798 01:24:49,421 --> 01:24:52,626 I have seen fishermen who take care what they catch 799 01:24:52,726 --> 01:24:55,331 and care for the riches of the ocean. 800 01:24:56,231 --> 01:24:58,034 I have seen houses producing their own energy. 801 01:24:59,036 --> 01:25:01,339 5,000 people live in the world's 802 01:25:01,439 --> 01:25:04,944 first ever eco-friendly district in Freiburg, Germany. 803 01:25:05,145 --> 01:25:07,248 Other cities partner the project. 804 01:25:07,449 --> 01:25:10,153 Mumbai is the thousandth to join them. 805 01:25:10,453 --> 01:25:15,260 The governments of New Zealand, Iceland, Austria, Sweden and other nations 806 01:25:15,461 --> 01:25:18,565 have made the development of renewable energy sources 807 01:25:18,766 --> 01:25:20,468 a top priority. 808 01:25:21,269 --> 01:25:26,477 80% of the energy we consume comes from fossil energy sources. 809 01:25:26,678 --> 01:25:27,478 Every week, 810 01:25:27,679 --> 01:25:31,084 two new coal-fired generating plants are built in China alone. 811 01:25:32,186 --> 01:25:36,391 But I have also seen, in Denmark, a prototype of a coal-fired plant 812 01:25:36,492 --> 01:25:40,298 that releases carbon into the soil rather than the air. 813 01:25:40,398 --> 01:25:43,403 A solution for the future? Nobody knows yet. 814 01:25:43,603 --> 01:25:45,506 I have seen, in Iceland, 815 01:25:45,706 --> 01:25:48,309 an electricity plant powered by the Earth's heat. 816 01:25:48,510 --> 01:25:50,012 Geothermal power. 817 01:25:50,213 --> 01:25:52,116 I have seen a sea snake 818 01:25:52,316 --> 01:25:55,420 lying on the swell to absorb the energy of the waves 819 01:25:55,521 --> 01:25:57,523 and produce electricity. 820 01:25:58,324 --> 01:26:00,128 I have seen wind farms off Denmark's coast 821 01:26:01,129 --> 01:26:04,434 that produce 20% of the country's electricity. 822 01:26:04,534 --> 01:26:10,143 The USA, China, India, Germany and Spain are the biggest investors 823 01:26:10,443 --> 01:26:11,144 in renewable energy. 824 01:26:12,145 --> 01:26:15,851 They have already created over 2.5 million jobs. 825 01:26:16,351 --> 01:26:18,956 Where on earth doesn't the wind blow? 826 01:26:20,057 --> 01:26:24,163 I have seen desert expanses baking in the sun. 827 01:26:24,664 --> 01:26:27,068 Everything on Earth is linked, 828 01:26:27,268 --> 01:26:31,374 and the Earth is linked to the sun, its original energy source. 829 01:26:31,574 --> 01:26:34,779 Can humans not imitate plants and capture its energy? 830 01:26:35,480 --> 01:26:39,886 In one hour, the sun gives the Earth the same amount of energy 831 01:26:40,086 --> 01:26:43,893 as that consumed by all humanity in one year. 832 01:26:43,993 --> 01:26:48,600 As long as the Earth exists, the sun's energy will be inexhaustible. 833 01:26:48,700 --> 01:26:49,701 All we have to do 834 01:26:49,901 --> 01:26:52,205 is stop drilling the Earth and start looking to the sky. 835 01:26:53,206 --> 01:26:56,311 All we have to do is learn to cultivate the sun. 836 01:26:56,511 --> 01:26:58,214 All these experiments are only examples, 837 01:26:58,254 --> 01:27:01,419 but they testify to a new awareness. 838 01:27:01,519 --> 01:27:04,724 They lay down markers for a new human adventure 839 01:27:04,924 --> 01:27:08,830 based on moderation, intelligence and sharing. 840 01:27:24,253 --> 01:27:27,558 It's time to come together. 841 01:27:28,459 --> 01:27:30,262 What's important 842 01:27:30,463 --> 01:27:32,265 is not what's gone, 843 01:27:32,465 --> 01:27:34,869 but what remains. 844 01:27:36,571 --> 01:27:39,576 We still have half the world's forests, 845 01:27:39,676 --> 01:27:45,084 thousands of rivers, lakes and glaciers, and thousands of thriving species. 846 01:27:48,389 --> 01:27:51,995 We know that the solutions are there today. 847 01:27:52,996 --> 01:27:56,000 We all have the power to change. 848 01:27:57,703 --> 01:28:00,006 So what are we waiting for?